N13: Obstructive and reflux uropathy

Obstructive and reflux uropathy encompasses a range of urinary tract conditions that result from an obstruction (blockage) or reflux (backward flow) of urine. The obstruction could be due to various causes like kidney stones, tumors, or urinary tract infections, while reflux often occurs when the valves between the bladder and ureters don't function properly. This disruption of normal urine flow can lead to various symptoms like pain in the lower abdomen or back, frequent urination, or blood in urine. Over time, if left untreated, these conditions can cause serious damage to the kidneys and lead to chronic kidney disease. As the condition progresses, it could present as high blood pressure or swelling of body parts due to fluid buildup. The severity and precise symptoms vary widely based on the exact nature and location of the obstruction or reflux.