N13: Obstructive and reflux uropathy

N13.7: Vesicoureteral-reflux-associated uropathy

The ureter is a thin, muscular tube in the abdomen. There is usually one ureter on each side. The urine flows from the kidney, via the ureter, to the bladder. When you have to pass water, the urine flows from the bladder via the urethra and out.

Urine does not normally flow back from the bladder into the ureter. However urine can flow from the bladder into the ureter if pressure in the bladder is increased, for example. Pressure in the bladder can increase, for example, if the urethra is constricted. Urine can also flow back into the ureter if there is a defect in the valve that exists where the ureter is connected to the bladder. Some people are born with this condition.

Urine is flowing back from your bladder into the ureter. Urine may be flowing back into your kidney. Your kidney has been damaged by the urine flowing back into it. Urine mostly flows back due to an increase in pressure in the bladder. This happens, for example, when you urinate.