Q61: Cystic kidney disease

Cystic kidney disease refers to a group of conditions in which clusters of cysts - sacs filled with fluid - develop in the kidneys. These conditions vary in their presentation and severity. Some forms are present from birth while others develop later in life. The cysts can progressively enlarge the kidneys and replace much of their normal structure, leading to reduced kidney function and possible kidney failure. Some common symptoms include back or side pain, blood in the urine, frequent urination, kidney stones, or high blood pressure. Most of these conditions are genetic, meaning they are caused by abnormalities in certain genes and can be passed from parents to their children. These diseases can also have different progression rates: some people may not experience any symptoms for many years while others may progress to end-stage kidney disease more quickly.