Q50: Congenital malformations of ovaries, fallopian tubes and broad ligaments

Congenital malformations of ovaries, fallopian tubes, and broad ligaments belong to a group of birth defects that affect a woman's reproductive system. These malformations occur during fetal development, and they are present at birth. They are typically not inherited, but their exact causes remain unknown. Some researchers suggest factors like genetics, maternal health conditions, or exposure to certain substances during pregnancy might play a role. These congenital malformations can make it difficult for an egg to travel from the ovaries to the uterus, which can result in infertility. Common symptoms could include irregular or absent menstruation, abdominal pain, or no symptoms at all, especially if the malformations are minor. In other cases, these conditions might only be discovered during infertility evaluations or other medical examinations. Disease progression varies, but certain malformations may increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy or other complications.