Q34: Other congenital malformations of respiratory system

The group of conditions referred to as "Other congenital malformations of respiratory system" encompasses a variety of birth defects that occur in the structures of the respiratory tract. These abnormalities occur as the fetus develops during the early stages of pregnancy. They may involve any part of the respiratory system, including the lungs, windpipe (trachea), bronchi, or other components crucial for breathing. Depending on the specific malformation, symptoms may vary widely. Infants may have difficulty breathing, recurrent respiratory infections like pneumonia, or other respiratory complications. These manifestations are typically present from birth and can influence the quality of life, requiring continuous medical supervision and often surgical intervention. The exact causes of these malformations are not entirely known, but they may be linked to genetic factors or by environmental influences during fetal development, such as maternal substance abuse or exposure to certain medications or toxins.