Q33: Congenital malformations of lung

Congenital malformations of the lung refer to a group of rare conditions that occur when the lungs do not develop properly in the womb. These defects can affect the structure and function of the lungs, which play a critical role in breathing and oxygen supply. Common characteristics of these conditions might include abnormal lung size, improper formation of lung tissue, or the presence of air-filled cysts. Infants diagnosed with these malformations often present with difficulty breathing, persistent coughing, chest infections, and failure to gain weight or grow at the expected rate. The exact causes of congenital lung malformations are largely unknown, though they are likely to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. These conditions, however, are not contagious and are not transmitted between individuals. Despite their complexity, early detection and medical intervention often improve the prognosis and quality of life for affected infants and children.