XVI: Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

P10-P15: Birth trauma

Birth trauma refers to injury, physical stress or hardship suffered by a newborn during childbirth. It is usually caused by mechanical forces such as compression, traction or forces involving torque during the delivery process. These injuries can range from minor, such as minor bruises or cuts, to more severe, affecting the brain, nerves or other organs. The extent and type of injury can vary based on the size and position of the baby, condition of the birth canal, use of medical devices during delivery, and the presence of maternal health issues like gestational diabetes or high blood pressure. Symptoms can differ significantly based on the area and severity of the trauma, but may include visible injuries like bruising or swelling, fussiness, feeding difficulties, or irregular breathing. They can present immediately after birth, or in some cases, emerge later in infancy as developmental or health issues. It's important to note that birth trauma is commonly managed and treated by healthcare professionals.