O80-O84: Delivery

O80: Single spontaneous delivery

Single spontaneous delivery refers to the natural childbirth process where a pregnant woman delivers one baby, without the use of medical interventions and procedures such as Caesarean section, forceps, or vacuum extraction. This event typically occurs after a full-term pregnancy, which is around 37 to 42 weeks after the last menstrual period. During a single spontaneous delivery, the woman goes into labor spontaneously, which is characterized by regular, painful uterine contractions leading to progressive dilation and effacement of the cervix. Once the cervix is fully dilated, the woman can push the baby out through the birth canal. The baby's head usually descends first, which is termed as a vertex or cephalic presentation. The normal physiological processes involved in childbirth actively involve the integumentary, muscular, and nervous systems.