J40-J47: Chronic lower respiratory diseases

J44: Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Other Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties. These conditions, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema, induce shortness of breath and coughing over a prolonged period of time. In the case of chronic bronchitis, the airways producing mucus become inflamed, which results in constant coughing and production of phlegm. Emphysema affects the air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (small airways) in your lungs, causing them to be damaged and potentially enlarged. These conditions are primarily caused by long-term exposure to irritating gases or particulate matter, often from cigarette smoke or air pollution. Disease progression is typically gradual and may be accompanied by periods of worsening symptoms. The respiratory system is directly affected, leading to a progressive decline in lung function.