J44.8: Other specified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Other specified chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, also known as COPD, is a progressive and lifelong respiratory disorder that leads to an abnormal inflammatory response in lungs. This condition can include diseases such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Common symptoms often include constant coughing that produces large amounts of mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, and fatigue. As part of the disease progression, these symptoms usually worsen over time, causing increased breathlessness and reducing the individual's ability to do regular physical activities. Although irreversible, the speed at which the disease advances can be moderated. The continuous inflammation damages the lungs and creates complications in the airflow, causing an obstruction in the pulmonary system. Tobacco smoke, including second-hand or passive exposure, is considered the primary cause of COPD, while exposure to pollutants at home or work can also contribute to the condition.