J44.9: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unspecified

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, often referred to as COPD, is a type of lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The primary cause of COPD is exposure to harmful pollutants, most commonly due to cigarette smoke, including second-hand or passive exposure. Occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals, as well as indoor and outdoor air pollution, can also contribute. The main symptoms of COPD are breathlessness, excessive sputum production, and a chronic cough. However, these symptoms are often not severe until the disease has progressed significantly. COPD affects the respiratory system, including the bronchus and lung, resulting in reduced airflow to lungs over time. The disease is progressive, which means it worsens over time, leading to increasingly severe symptoms and complications such as respiratory infections or heart problems. Although it is not curable, treatment can help manage symptoms and slow disease progression.