Q62: Congenital obstructive defects of renal pelvis and congenital malformations of ureter

Congenital obstructive defects of renal pelvis and congenital malformations of ureter are a group of developmental anomalies that occur during fetal growth, specifically related to the development of the kidneys and the ureters—the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. These defects can lead to obstruction or abnormalities in the flow of urine. Common symptoms include back or side pain, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, and sometimes blood in the urine. In some cases, these conditions can progress to cause persistent urinary tract problems, kidney damage, or kidney failure if unmanaged. These disorders are not contagious since they are inherent from birth due to genetic factors or environmental disruptions in early development. Sometimes these conditions can remain undiagnosed until later in life when symptoms become more apparent.