Q10: Congenital malformations of eyelid, lacrimal apparatus and orbit

Q10.1: Congenital ectropion

The eyelids along with the lashes are located above and under the eye. They protect the eye from injuries and drying out. Fat, muscles, and several glands are included in the eyelid, among other things. The glands produce some partly fatty elements for the layer of fluid on the eye. Tear fluid flows out of the eye via the tear ducts. The tear ducts begin in the inner edge of the upper and lower eyelids. In both places there is a small opening that opens into a narrow channel. The channels join and carry the tear fluid to the inside of the nose.

With this deformity, the edge of the eyelid bends outwards so that it does not lie flat on the eye. This deformity is congenital. This means that the eyelid was developing in this way even in the womb. The deformity means that tear fluid can no longer reach the opening for the tear ducts. This can cause the eye to water constantly. Should the person keep wiping away this tear fluid, the deformity can get worse, too.