P20-P29: Respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period

P21: Birth asphyxia

Birth asphyxia, typically falling under the grouping of P21 in the ICD-10 classification, refers to a condition occurring at the time of delivery where a baby doesn't receive enough oxygen. This oxygen deprivation can lead to long-term health issues or even death. There are several causes of birth asphyxia, including problems with the placenta or umbilical cord, severe pregnancy-induced high blood pressure, or an infection in the mother or baby. Babies may show signs of birth asphyxia immediately after delivery, such as not breathing or having a low heart rate. Over time, signs like feeding difficulties, low muscle tone, neonatal seizures, or developmental delays might come to light. This condition affects systems throughout the body, particularly the brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Early recognition and supportive care are key elements in managing birth asphyxia.