M08: Juvenile arthritis

M08.9: Juvenile arthritis, unspecified

Juvenile arthritis, unspecified (M08.9), refers to a chronic condition affecting individuals under the age of 16. It's a form of arthritis that results in inflammation and stiffness in the joints. Despite being a single condition, it encompasses different types of arthritis that strike children, which make it difficult to pinpoint the exact type, hence the term 'unspecified'. Although the exact cause remains unknown, it is believed to be an autoimmune disorder wherein the body's immune system, intended to fight off harmful viruses and bacteria, mistakenly attacks its own cells and tissues, leading to inflammation. Symptoms often include joint stiffness, particularly upon waking or following periods of inactivity, pain, swelling, and in some cases, fever and rash. Over time, the disease might progress, potentially causing permanent damage to the affected joints and interfering with growth and physical development in severe cases. This disease mainly affects the musculoskeletal system, but can also impact the eyes and other body systems.