M01.2: Arthritis in Lyme disease

Arthritis in Lyme disease refers to a type of joint inflammation commonly seen in patients who are infected with the bacteria that causes Lyme disease – Borrelia burgdorferi. The bacteria are typically transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. Symptoms often begin with a characteristic skin rash known as erythema migrans, along with fever, fatigue, and body aches. If left untreated, the bacterial infection may spread to the joints causing arthritis, most often affecting the knees. This arthritis may cause pain, swelling and occasional brief bouts of joint pain, followed by periods of remission. Over time, the infection may also affect the heart and nervous system. Early recognition and treatment with antibiotics can prevent the long-term consequences of Lyme disease, including arthritis. Arthritis typically resolves after appropriate antibiotic treatment but may take months to fully recover. In rare cases, some people may have persistent or recurrent bouts of arthritis.