K05: Gingivitis and periodontal diseases

Gingivitis and periodontal diseases, classified under the ICD-10 code K05, include a range of oral health conditions that largely affect the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation and bleeding of the gums, generally stemming from a buildup of plaque due to poor oral hygiene. Progression of this condition can lead to periodontal diseases, where the inflammation and infection extend deeper to affect the tissues and bones supporting the teeth, potentially leading to tooth loss. Symptoms typically involve red, swollen gums, bad breath, sensitive teeth, and gums that bleed when brushed or flossed. These conditions are not directly transmittable, as they result primarily from individual oral hygiene practices, though factors such as smoking, older age, uncontrolled diabetes, and certain genetic predispositions can increase susceptibility. Without appropriate dental care, these conditions can persist and progressively worsen, increasing the risk of further oral and general health complications.