K04: Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues

Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissues fall under a group of conditions that impact the dental pulp or soft tissue within the tooth, as well as the surrounding areas at the end of the root known as the periapex. These conditions typically occur when bacteria invade the innermost part of the tooth due to untreated dental decay, damaged fillings, or a traumatic injury. Common symptoms might include persistent toothache, heightened sensitivity to temperature or pressure, swelling in the gum, or discoloration of the tooth. Infections in the dental pulp can progress to create an abscess or pocket of pus in the periapical tissues, which can cause severe pain and potentially harm surrounding teeth and bone. Diseases of pulp and periapical tissues are primarily related to the oral health system but may also affect overall systemic health if infection spreads.