I13.0: Hypertensive heart and renal disease with (congestive) heart failure

Hypertensive heart and renal disease with (congestive) heart failure, as the name suggests, is a complex medical condition involving multiple organ systems, predominantly the heart and kidneys. It typically develops as a result of prolonged high blood pressure (hypertension) that hasn't been adequately controlled. Over time, the increased pressure in the blood vessels can damage the heart, leading to heart disease, and also affect the kidneys, resulting in renal dysfunction. There's also a component of congestive heart failure, where the heart doesn't pump blood as effectively as it should. Consequently, fluid can accumulate in various parts of the body, including the lungs, causing breathlessness, and the extremities, leading to swelling. Patients with this condition may also experience fatigue, reduced ability to exercise, and frequent urination, especially at night. The disease progression varies among individuals and is largely dependent on the severity of hypertension and the effectiveness of management strategies.