IX: Diseases of the circulatory system

I00-I02: Acute rheumatic fever

Acute rheumatic fever is a group of conditions that occur as a delayed response to a streptococcus bacterial infection, such as strep throat or scarlet fever. These conditions typically occur in individuals aged 5 to 15 years old. The bacteria cause an inflammatory response that can affect multiple systems in the body, particularly the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system. Common signs and symptoms include fever, joint pain, redness and swelling, often in the knees, wrists, elbows, and ankles; small, painless nodules beneath the skin; a flat or slightly raised, painless rash with a ragged edge; rapid, jerky movements primarily in the hands, feet, and face; and symptoms suggestive of heart problems, including chest pain, fatigue, and breathlessness. Acute rheumatic fever can progress to more serious heart diseases if not treated promptly. The key to preventing acute rheumatic fever is early diagnosis and treatment of strep throat and scarlet fever.