F70-F79: Mental retardation

F73: Profound mental retardation

Profound mental retardation, now more commonly referred to as profound intellectual disability, is a condition characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. Individuals with this condition have an intelligence quotient (IQ) of less than 20 or 25, which is considerably lower than the average IQ of 100. The condition typically manifests before the age of 18, and affects the individual's ability to learn, understand, and apply knowledge, and also hampers their everyday social and practical skills. Common reasons for this condition could be genetic disorders, complications during pregnancy or childbirth, exposure to environmental toxins, or infections. Due to the extensive support required, it can impact not just the affected individual but their families as well. Symptoms may include difficulty in communicating, performing basic tasks, and understanding concepts that seem routine to others. The progression of the condition varies widely from individual to individual.