Z91.4: Personal history of psychological trauma, not elsewhere classified

Personal history of psychological trauma, not elsewhere classified, refers to the long-term impacts a person may experience following significant mental distress, which usually occur due to distressing life events. Such events could include, but are not limited to, abuse, neglect, violence, or a disaster. These incidents often generate intense emotional responses such as fear and helplessness. Over time, these emotional responses may lead to severe symptoms like chronic anxiety, flashbacks, nightmares and may even interfere with one's ability to function in ordinary life. The trauma may manifest differently in each individual, often depending on factors such as the person's resilience and support system, the severity of the trauma sustained, and the individual's perception of the event. It is important to understand that despite being a personally experienced event, psychological trauma has biological implications and can cause physical changes to the brain.