Y59.3: Immunoglobulin

Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by the body's immune system to fight off foreign substances like bacteria and viruses. They are also known as antibodies, and each immunoglobulin targets a specific disease-causing element known as an antigen. The interaction between the immunoglobulin and the antigen initiates a series of immune responses aimed at eliminating the threat from the body. Unfortunately, problems can arise, such as when the body makes immunoglobulins against substances it shouldn't react to, like common allergens. These problematic antibodies can cause allergic reactions. Additionally, in some cases, the body may not produce enough immunoglobulins, leading to a higher possibility of infections. Conversely, the body can produce excessive amounts, which is often seen in certain types of cancer and autoimmune diseases. It’s important to remember immunoglobulin levels can be influenced by various conditions and hence their levels alone often cannot confirm a particular disease.