S40-S49: Injuries to the shoulder and upper arm

S45: Injury of blood vessels at shoulder and upper arm level

Injuries of blood vessels at the shoulder and upper arm level include a range of conditions characterized by damage to the veins and arteries in the designated areas. These injuries can occur due to a range of causes such as trauma from accidents, medical procedures, or sports injuries. Common presentations of these conditions can include localized pain, swelling, and discolouration of the skin in the affected area. If a large blood vessel is injured, there may also be major blood loss, or in serious cases, signs of circulatory shock like pale skin, rapid heartbeat, and fainting. Over time, these injuries can lead to issues with blood flow, potentially affecting arm function. These conditions mainly affect the circulatory system but can have secondary impacts on the musculoskeletal system due to reduced blood flow and subsequent issues with muscle and tissue health.