Q41: Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of small intestine

The group of conditions denoted by Q41, Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of small intestine, comprises birth defects that affect the small intestine. These anomalies are present from birth and can severely impact the body's ability to digest food and absorb essential nutrients. Congenital absence refers to a condition where a portion or the entirety of the small intestine is missing. Atresia is a condition where a part of the small intestine is closed or hasn't developed properly, causing a blockage. Stenosis of the small intestine designates a narrowing of the intestinal tract, which can also lead to blockages. Common symptoms for these conditions include an enlarged abdomen, vomiting, inability to eat properly, constipation, or in severe cases, complete obstruction of the bowel. These conditions often require medical intervention soon after birth, and may progressively worsen if left untreated. While the exact causes are unknown, genetic factors and environmental influences during pregnancy may play a role in the development of these conditions.