Q38: Other congenital malformations of tongue, mouth and pharynx

The group of conditions under "Other congenital malformations of tongue, mouth and pharynx" refers to a collection of abnormalities present from birth that affect the structure of the tongue, mouth, or pharynx, which is the part of the throat right behind the mouth and nasal cavity. These issues can be caused by a variety of factors, likely during early pregnancy, such as genetic disorders, environmental exposures, or certain medications. Common symptoms can include difficulty with feeding, speech challenges, or breathing problems, depending on the specific malformation and its severity. The progression of the condition can vary widely, as some people might not experience significant issues while others might require surgical interventions to improve function. These malformations specifically affect the digestive and respiratory systems due to the involvement of the mouth and pharynx in eating, speaking, and breathing.