Q20-Q28: Congenital malformations of the circulatory system

Q22: Congenital malformations of pulmonary and tricuspid valves

Congenital malformations of pulmonary and tricuspid valves refer to birth defects that occur in key heart valves: the pulmonary and tricuspid valves. The pulmonary valve manages blood flow from the heart to the lungs, while the tricuspid valve controls the blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle in the heart. Malformations in these valves can disrupt normal blood flow, leading to a range of symptoms and complications. These can vary in severity from person to person, but common symptoms include breathlessness, bluish tinge to the skin, fatigue, and swelling in the legs, ankles, or abdomen. These conditions are typically inherited, meaning they are passed from parents to children through genes. The progression and severity can be significantly different across affected individuals and it may worsen over time. Although these are structural issues present at birth, symptoms can potentially be managed with medical intervention.