Q10-Q18: Congenital malformations of eye, ear, face and neck

Q17: Other congenital malformations of ear

Congenital malformations of the ear encompass a range of conditions that are present at birth and involve structural anomalies of the ears. These malformations can differ greatly per individual and can affect one or both ears. They may include external ear abnormalities such as microtia, which is an underdeveloped or small ear, or anotia, the absence of the external ear. Internal ear malformations might also be present, which can affect hearing or balance. These conditions typically result from genetic factors, or from environmental factors during pregnancy like exposure to certain viruses or drugs. Symptoms associated with these malformations depend on which parts of the ear are affected, but can commonly include hearing loss, balance problems, and facial asymmetry. The conditions' progression and impact on a child's well-being and daily functioning depend largely on the exact malformation and its severity.