Q05: Spina bifida

Spina bifida is a group of birth defects characterized by abnormalities in the development of the spine, leading to varying degrees of nerve damage. It occurs when the spinal column and the neural tube, which later forms the brain and spinal cord, do not close properly during an embryo's early development. The causes of spina bifida are not fully known, but it is believed to be a complex mix of genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors, with a lack of folic acid in the mother's diet identified as a significant risk factor. Symptoms can range drastically depending on how severe the condition is, from minor physical problems to serious issues like difficulty walking, poor bladder or bowel control, and hydrocephalus (a build-up of fluid in the brain). The condition is chronic, but the progression differs greatly depending on the specific type of spina bifida and its severity.