P91: Other disturbances of cerebral status of newborn

P91.7: Acquired hydrocephalus of newborn

Acquired hydrocephalus of the newborn is a condition that occurs when there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain of a newborn baby. This fluid build-up can cause an increase in pressure inside the head, often leading to the swelling of the baby's head. It is termed 'acquired' because it develops after birth due to various causes such as a brain injury, infection, or a tumor. The condition may lead to several signs and symptoms like rapid increase in head size, vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, and downward fixed gaze, also called "sunset sign". Over time, without proper medical intervention, it can potentially cause long-term complications like vision problems, cognitive and physical delays, reduced consciousness, or in severe cases, life-threatening situations. It does not spread from person to person, but is primarily a result of different underlying medical issues.