P12: Birth injury to scalp

P12.0: Cephalhaematoma due to birth injury

The bones in the skull are called cranial bones. Many different cranial bones together form the framework for the head and face. The scalp covers the cranial bones. Beneath the scalp and on the skull bones there are different blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the tissue.

The child is subjected to great pressure during a vaginal birth. This pressure is necessary for the child to be born through the pelvis and the vagina. The pressure, along with the narrow birth canal, can injure the child’s blood vessels.

If blood vessels in the cranial bones are injured, blood may come out. The blood collects in the cranial bones. You may be able to see or feel the collected blood as a swelling on the head.

Blood vessels in the child’s head can suffer injuries due to the use of a delivery forceps. But the injuries can also occur when tools are not used.