P05: Slow fetal growth and fetal malnutrition

P05.2: Fetal malnutrition without mention of light or small for gestational age

While in the womb, the child is supplied with oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s blood. The placenta forms in the mother’s womb during pregnancy. The placenta consists of cells from the mother and cells from the unborn child. The umbilical cord connects the child to the placenta.

There can be different reasons why the child is not adequately nourished in the womb. For example, that occurs with particular diseases of the mother or if the placenta is not working properly. Sometimes the placenta also no longer works properly at the end of the pregnancy. The child may also receive inadequate nourishment in the womb if the mother smokes.

It may then be that, after the birth, the child shows signs of poor nourishment. The skin may be dry and flaky, for example.