P04: Fetus and newborn affected by noxious influences transmitted via placenta or breast milk

P04.5: Fetus and newborn affected by maternal use of nutritional chemical substances

The placenta forms in the mother’s womb during pregnancy. The placenta consists of cells from the mother and cells from the unborn child. The umbilical cord connects the child to the placenta. The child is supplied with nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood via the placenta.

Harmful substances can be received via the nourishment provided by the mother during or after pregnancy. Harmful substances can be transmitted by the mother to the child via the placenta or, later, via the mother's milk. The child's health can be harmed as a result.

Harmful substances can cause deformities in the child, for example. Abnormal child development in the womb can also be caused by harmful substances. After the birth, problems can occur with the child's breathing, circulation or nervous system.