O44: Placenta praevia

O44.1: Placenta praevia with haemorrhage

Placenta praevia with haemorrhage is a serious pregnancy complication where the placenta, which nourishes the baby, is low in the womb and covers part or all of the cervix, which is the exit way for the baby. This positioning of the placenta can cause bleeding or haemorrhage, and is particularly dangerous as it can occur without warning and in severe cases, can put both the mother's and baby's lives at risk. The bleeding is often painless and may happen at any time during the second half of pregnancy, often after 20 weeks gestation. Complications can include heavy bleeding, shock or blood loss, and potential harm to the baby due to lack of oxygen or premature birth. The cause of Placenta praevia is unknown, but some factors like previous caesarean section, twins or triplets, or being older when pregnant may increase the risk.