N31: Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, not elsewhere classified

N31.9: Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, unspecified

The bladder is like a balloon. There is a hollow space on the inside. This hollow space is surrounded by the bladder wall. There is a muscle in the bladder wall. When the muscle in the bladder wall contracts, the urine is squeezed out of the bladder and out of the body. There are two sphincter muscles on the urethra. One where the urethra joins the bladder, and one that surrounds the urethra. When these sphincter muscles contract the urine is retained in the body.

The bladder’s sphincter muscles and the muscles in the bladder wall are controlled by nerves. Many nerves run from the spinal cord and brain to the organs, skin and muscles in the body. If the nerves, brain or spinal cord are damaged, the sphincter muscles in the bladder can no longer work properly. Nerves, brain and spinal cord can be damaged, for example, by other conditions or following surgery.

People can have lots of different problems urinating. They may have to urinate very often, or they may no longer be able to empty their bladder completely.