N31: Neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, not elsewhere classified

N31.1: Reflex neuropathic bladder, not elsewhere classified

The bladder is like a balloon. There is a hollow space on the inside. This hollow space is surrounded by the bladder wall. There is a muscle in the bladder wall. When the muscle in the bladder wall contracts, the urine is squeezed out of the bladder and out of the body. There are two sphincter muscles on the urethra. One where the urethra joins the bladder, and one that surrounds the urethra. When these sphincter muscles contract the urine is retained in the body.

The bladder’s sphincter muscles and the muscles in the bladder wall are controlled by nerves. Many nerves run from the spinal cord and brain to the organs, skin and muscles in the body. If the nerves, brain or spinal cord are damaged, the sphincter muscles in the bladder can no longer work properly. Nerves, brain and spinal cord can be damaged, for example, by other conditions or following surgery.

Your bladder’s sphincter muscles and the muscles in your bladder wall are not working in a properly coordinated manner. This frequently interrupts urination. People often have difficulty starting to urinate.