K21: Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common digestive disorder where stomach acid or, occasionally, bile flows back into your esophagus (the tube connecting your mouth and stomach). This reverse action, referred to as acid reflux, can irritate the lining of your esophagus and cause discomfort. Typical symptoms include a sensation of heartburn, especially after eating or at night, and can also involve regurgitation of food or sour liquid, and difficulty swallowing. Less common symptoms might comprise a persistent cough, laryngitis, new or worsening asthma, or disruptive sleep due to chest or abdominal discomfort. GERD can worsen if left unchecked, leading to inflammation, esophagus damage, and even abnormalities such as esophageal strictures or Barrett's esophagus. Nonetheless, some people have GERD without heartburn, instead they may experience a dry cough, asthma symptoms, or trouble swallowing.