G40-G47: Episodic and paroxysmal disorders

G43: Migraine

Migraine, a condition classified by the ICD-10 code G43, is a group of disorders characterized by recurrent, severe headaches that are typically throbbing, localized on one side of the head, and often coupled with nausea, vomiting, heightened sensitivity to sound (phonophobia), and light (photophobia). Sometimes these symptoms are preceded by an "aura"—neurological disturbances that can appear as flashing lights, zigzag lines, or a temporary loss of vision. The exact cause of migraines is still unknown, but the condition is thought to be a result of abnormal brain activity affecting nerve signals, chemicals, and blood vessels in the brain. Triggers vary widely among individuals but often include stress, certain foods or drinks, poor sleep patterns, and hormonal changes in women. The frequency and duration of migraines can vary, but the headaches can last for hours or even days, and the condition can significantly impact quality of life.