F90-F98: Behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence

F95: Tic disorders

Tic disorders, incorporated under the ICD-10 code F95, include a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions characterized by the sudden, rapid, recurrent, non-rhythmic, and involuntary motor movements or vocalizations. These disorders often onset in childhood and the severity of symptoms can range from mild to severe. Tic disorders can be categorized mainly as Tourette's syndrome, chronic (persistent) motor or vocal tic disorder, and provisional tic disorder, depending on the duration and type of tics present. Tics are often believed to be linked to abnormalities in certain areas of the brain, including the basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex. Additionally, genetic factors are also considered as a possible cause. Affected individuals may show symptoms like repetitive eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, throat clearing or sniffing, to name a few. Depending on the severity, these disorders can interfere with daily activities. The progression of these disorders varies individually, and in some cases, symptoms may subside in late adolescence.