E11: Type 2 diabetes mellitus

E11.3: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ophthalmic complications is a specific form of diabetes that negatively affects the eyes. This condition arises when the body's cells become resistant to insulin, a hormone that controls the amount of sugar in the bloodstream. With time, this resistance can cause an excess of sugar in the blood, leading to various health complications, including those relating to the eyes. In this case, the high sugar levels can damage the small blood vessels in the retina, the part of the eye that senses light. This can lead to a condition called diabetic retinopathy, which may cause vision loss if left unmanaged. Additionally, diabetes increases the risk of other serious vision conditions, such as diabetic macular edema, cataracts, and glaucoma. The onset of these conditions is insidious and often without symptoms until advanced stages are reached. Regular eye check-ups are integral to detecting these changes early and protecting vision.